Longboarding is just what it sounds like. It is just like skateboarding but with a larger board (along with other features). The longboard was developed so that surfers had something to do on the days that the swells weren't coming in. The longboard was designed so that it mimicked a surfboard's motions on the water. To do this they took the regular skateboard and lengthened and widened it so that it was more stable and comfortable to stand on. The wheels are given more grip to create traction when the rider is carving down the hill at high speeds. Most longboards are flexible so that bumps don't kill your feet. They are also typically lower so that there is more stability.